Turkmenistan is arid, but also dependent on agriculture for sustenance and commerce. Regional water scarcity contributes to trans-boundary water issues. Climate change is expected to exacerbate the situation via diminishing water supply – through increases in temperature, further climate aridification and regional competition for water.

Solomon Islands agriculture, human settlements, water and sanitation, and human health are priority vulnerable sectors requiring urgent support to enhance resilience against the predicted impacts of climate change. This project will support communities to better manage and adapt to climate change pressures and increase food security through Community Based Adaptation.  It will strengthen ability of communities in Solomon Islands to make informed decisions and manage likely climate change driven pressures on food production and management systems.

This project seeks to reduce the vulnerability of the Seychelles to climate change, focusing on two key issues—water scarcity and flooding. Climate change projections in the Seychelles show that rainfall, while increasing in overall terms, will become even more irregular. Much of the precipitation is falling in sharp bursts, creating heavy flooding in the wet season, while imposing extended period of drought during the dry season.

In Samoa, a climate change-related increase in natural disasters put communities and economies at risk. This project seeks to enhance the resilience of coastal communities through a set of interventions at the community and sub-national policy levels. The project will implement on-the-ground coastal adaptation measures, addressing climate change impacts on key infrastructure elements and coastal ecosystems.

In Papua New Guinea’s North Coast and Islands regions, coastal flooding is the most important climate change-related hazard. It threatens both coastal populations and important economic centers, including provincial capitals and economic. In the hinterland areas, climate change-related inland flooding is the most pressing hazard with the largest potential for widespread damage. The lack of water impoundments and/or water reticulation schemes serves to increase the vulnerability of the largely agrarian communities.

The Himalayan Karakorum Hindukush (HKH) Mountain region contains the second largest glacier in the world and acts as the main source for river systems in the area. However, it is also prone to climate-related hazards such as floods, avalanches and landslides, which occur annually and can cause significant human and material losses. Rapid glacial melt due to climate change is causing increased water flow into glacier lakes, threatening the prospect of Glacier Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs).

Climate variability, especially during El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) episodes, results in droughts that cause significant losses, particularly affecting the agricultural sector on which Nicaraguans' food security depends.  This project is designed to reduce drought and flooding risks generated by climate change and variability in the Estero Real River watershed.

This project seeks to reduce the vulnerability of farmers in Myanmar’s Dry Zone to increasing drought and rainfall variability, as well as enhance their capacity to plan for and respond to future climate change impacts on food security. The strategy is to reduce the risks and effects from recurring droughts, floods and erosion through an integrated water management, crop and livestock adaptation programme in five of the most vulnerable townships of Myanmar’s Dry Zone.

Mongolia’s geographic location, fragile ecosystems and socio-economic conditions make the country highly vulnerable to climate change. To address the additional ecological challenges presented by climate change, there is an urgent need to conserve and rehabilitate the ecosystem services upon which Mongolia’s rural economy, traditional culture, and rich biodiversity depend.

As a Small Island Developing State, the Republic of Mauritius is particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change, especially in its coastal zones, where a convergence of accelerating sea level rise and increasing frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones results in considerable economic loss, humanitarian stresses, and environmental degradation.